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Dice roll

Dice rolls decide the outcome of every action in the game like damage, dodge chance, save throws, pick locking, trap detection, etc. The in-game system rolls the dice for you and calculate the outcome. You can check the rolls inside the combat information panel.

Dice rolls are expressed in three different parts: the number of dices that are being rolled, the number of sides of the dice and the added or subtracted bonus. For example if you are attacking with a weapon you can roll for 2d4+1. The 2 indicates the number of dices that are being rolled, the d4 indicates the number of sides the dice has and the +1 indicates the number that will be added to the number the dice rolls. So in this example you will roll 2 dices of 4 sides each, sum the result and then add 1.

Some other examples:

1d6 = You roll 1 dice that has 6 sides. There is no + or - so you won't add or subtract any number from the result. 

1d8+4 = You will roll 1 dice with 8 sides and add 4 to the result.

2d6-2 = You will roll 2 dice with 6 sides and sum them up. Then you will subtract 2 from the result. 

Understanding this mechanic is very important as it can help you choose from different possibilities. For example: if you have a weapon that deals 3d6 damage, we can calculate that it can deal between 3 and 18 damage (provided one rolls three ones or three sixes). On the other hand, we have a weapon that deals 2d10 damage, so we can calculate that it deals from 2 to 20 damage. From here, we can decide if we prefer to have a higher minimum damage or a higher maximum damage.

 

Die Roll System

The die roll system is confusing to many newcomers. The problem with this system is that it does not always generate a value spread where each value probability is equal. For example, the d20 has an equal probability of generating any integer between 1 and 20. You have 5% chance to get any number from 1 to 20, therefore the same as 1-20.

However, with 2 or more die rolls, converting to a percentage is not so easy. Various values are more or less likely to occur, depending on the value in question. Here is a chart which gives the percent probabilities for 2d6 rolls.

 

 

Hit Die:

This determines the number of faces of the dice that will be rolled when leveling up to determine health points (HP) gained.

 

Skill Checks:

To make a skill check, roll a d20 and add your character’s skill modifier. Skill checks are rolled against a Difficulty Class (DC) that needs to be overcome in order to successfully pass the skill check. This can be triggered by a player action (trying to pick a lock) or passively rolled (detecting a secret door in a room).

Armor Class (AC)

Your Armor Class (AC) represents how hard it is for opponents to land a solid, damaging blow on you. It's the attack roll result that an opponent needs to achieve to hit you.

Your AC is equal to the following:

10 + armor bonus + shield bonus + Dexterity modifier + other modifiers

Note that armor limits your Dexterity bonus, so if you're wearing armor, you might not be able to apply your whole Dexterity bonus to your AC (see Table: Armor and Shields).

 

Touch AC

Some attacks completely disregard armor, including shields and natural armor—the aggressor need only touch a foe for such an attack to take full effect. In these cases, the attacker makes a touch attack roll (either ranged or melee). When you are the target of a touch attack, your AC doesn't include any armor bonus, shield bonus, or natural armor bonus. All other modifiers, such as your size modifier, Dexterity modifier, and deflection bonus (if any) apply normally. Some creatures have the ability to make incorporeal touch attacks. These attacks bypass solid objects, such as armor and shields, by passing through them. Incorporeal touch attacks work similarly to normal touch attacks except that they also ignore cover bonuses. Incorporeal touch attacks do not ignore armor bonuses granted by force effects, such as mage armor and bracers of armor.

 

Flat Footed AC

Sometimes you can't use your Dexterity bonus (if you have one). If you can't react to a blow, you can't use your Dexterity bonus to AC. If you don't have a Dexterity bonus, your AC does not change.

 

Base Attack Bonus (BAB)

Each creature has a base attack bonus and it represents its skill in combat. As a character gains levels or Hit Dice, his base attack bonus improves. When a creature's base attack bonus reaches +6, +11, or +16, he receives an additional attack in combat when he takes a full-attack action (which is one type of full-round action—see Combat).

 

Caster Level

A spell's power often depends on its caster level, which for most spellcasting characters is equal to her class level in the class she's using to cast the spell.

In the event that a class feature or other special ability provides an adjustment to your caster level, that adjustment applies not only to effects based on caster level (such as range, duration, and damage dealt), but also to your caster level check to overcome your target's spell resistance and to the caster level used in dispel checks (both the dispel check and the DC of the check).

 

Combat Maneuver Bonus

Each character and creature has a Combat Maneuver Bonus (or CMB) that represents its skill at performing combat maneuvers (see more in chapter “How Combat Works”). A creature's CMB is determined using the following formula:

CMB = Base attack bonus + Strength modifier + special size modifier

Creatures that are size Tiny or smaller use their Dexterity modifier in place of their Strength modifier to determine their CMB. The special size modifier for a creature's Combat Maneuver Bonus is as follows:

• Fine –8
• Diminutive –4
• Tiny –2
• Small –1
• Medium +0
•  Large +1
• Huge +2
• Gargantuan +4
• Colossal +8

Some feats and abilities grant a bonus to your CMB when performing specific maneuvers.

 

Concentration

To cast a spell, you must concentrate. If something interrupts your concentration while you're casting, you must make a concentration check or lose the spell. When you make a concentration check, you roll d20 and add your caster level and the ability score modifier used to determine bonus spells of the same type. Clerics, druids, and rangers add their Wisdom modifier. Bards, paladins, and sorcerers add their Charisma modifier. Finally, wizards add their Intelligence modifier. The more distracting the interruption and the higher the level of the spell you are trying to cast, the higher the DC. If you fail the check, you lose the spell just as if you had cast it to no effect.

 

Damage Reduction (DR)

 

Some magic creatures have the supernatural ability to instantly heal damage from weapons or ignore blows altogether as though they were invulnerable. Sometimes damage reduction represents instant healing. Sometimes it represents the creature's tough hide or body. In either case, other characters can see that conventional attacks won't work.

The numerical part of a creature's damage reduction (or DR) is the amount of damage the creature ignores from normal attacks. Usually, a certain type of weapon can overcome this reduction (see Overcoming DR). This information is separated from the damage reduction number by a slash. For example, DR 5/magic means that a creature takes 5 less points of

damage from all weapons that are not magic. If a dash follows the slash, then the damage reduction is effective against any attack that does not ignore damage reduction.

Whenever damage reduction completely negates the damage from an attack, it also negates most special effects that accompany the attack, such as injury poison, a monk's stunning, and injury-based disease. Damage Reduction does not negate touch attacks, energy damage dealt along with an attack, or energy drains. Nor does it affect poisons or diseases delivered by inhalation, ingestion, or contact. Attacks that deal no damage because of the target's damage reduction do not disrupt spells.

Spells, spell-like abilities, and energy attacks (even non-magical fire) ignore damage reduction. If a creature has damage reduction from more than one source, the two forms of damage reduction do not stack. Instead, the creature gets the benefit of the best damage reduction in a given situation.

 

Fortitude

Fortitude saves measure your ability to stand up to physical punishment or attacks against your vitality and health. 

Generally, when you are subject to an unusual or magical attack, you get a saving throw to avoid or reduce the effect. Like an attack roll, a saving throw is a d20 roll plus a bonus based on your class and level, and an associated ability score. Apply your Constitution modifier to your Fortitude saving throws.

 

Reflex

Reflex saves test your ability to dodge area attacks and unexpected situations. 

Generally, when you are subject to an unusual or magical attack, you get a saving throw to avoid or reduce the effect. Like an attack roll, a saving throw is a d20 roll plus a bonus based on your class and level, and an associated ability score. Apply your Dexterity modifier to your Reflex saving throws.

 

Will 

Will saves reflect your resistance to mental influence as well as many magical effects.

Generally, when you are subject to an unusual or magical attack, you get a saving throw to avoid or reduce the effect. Like an attack roll, a saving throw is a d20 roll plus a bonus based on your class and level, and an associated ability score. Apply your Wisdom modifier to your Will saving throws.